Pipetting capability
The computed stock volume must be within the calibrated and repeatable range of the chosen device.
Calculator
Use C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Enter the stock concentration, target concentration and final volume.
Formula
The arithmetic is simple; the metrology is not
V₁ = (C₂ × V₂) ÷ C₁ | Diluent = V₂ − V₁Background contamination
At low counts, the blank and preparation environment can dominate the result.
Adsorption and losses
Particles can adsorb to containers, tubing and filters or settle during preparation.
Mixing and agglomeration
A mathematically correct dilution can still deliver a nonrepresentative population.
Preparation controls
Minimum documentation
- Record stock lot, certified concentration basis and expiration.
- Document diluent identity, purity and background count.
- Use calibrated volumetric equipment appropriate to the required volume.
- Define mixing method and time without introducing bubbles or contamination.
- Define hold time and resuspension before sampling.
- Verify the prepared concentration when the application requires it.
Applied Physics technical pathway
Match the standard to the measurement—not the other way around.
Send the instrument, medium, target size, concentration, certificate and packaging requirements to Applied Physics for a technical recommendation.